A hip transplant, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a procedure in which a damaged hip joint
is replaced with an artificial one. This surgery is typically performed to relieve pain and improve
function in patients with severe hip arthritis, fractures, or other hip joint disorders.
Types of Hip Replacement :
Hip replacement surgery involves replacing the damaged parts of the hip joint with artificial
components, which can help relieve pain and improve function. There are several types of hip
replacement procedures, each suited to different patients' needs and conditions. Each type of hip
replacement has its advantages and specific indications, and the choice should be made after
thorough consultation with an orthopedic surgeon, considering the patient's overall health, lifestyle,
and specific medical needs.
Main types of Hip Replacement :
Total Hip Replacement (THR) : Both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the femoral head (thigh
bone head) are replaced with prosthetic components. Typically, materials like metal, ceramic,
or plastic are used. It is commonly performed for severe arthritis or significant hip joint
damage.
Partial Hip Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty) : Only the femoral head is replaced, not the
acetabulum. Materials like Metal or ceramic are used. Often used for fractures of the femoral
neck or in older patients with less active lifestyles.
Hip Resurfacing : The femoral head is trimmed and capped with a smooth metal covering,
while the acetabulum is fitted with a metal shell. Metal is used in this surgery. Suitable for
younger, more active patients as it preserves more bone compared to THR.
Revision Hip Replacement : Replacement of a previous hip replacement that has failed due
to wear, infection, or other issues. Materials depends on the original and new components
being used. Patients who have had complications or failures with their initial hip replacement.
Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement : Similar to THR but performed through smaller
incisions, aiming to reduce muscle and tissue damage. Materials same as THR (metal,
ceramic, or plastic) are used. Suitable for patients without severe deformities or obesity, aiming
for quicker recovery and less post-operative pain.
Dual Mobility Hip Replacement : A variation of THR with an additional polyethylene (plastic)
liner inside the metal acetabular component, which holds a smaller metal or ceramic ball.
Materials like Metal, ceramic, and plastic are used. Often used for patients at higher risk of
dislocation, such as those with neuromuscular disorders or recurrent dislocations.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Hip Replacement :
Age and Activity Level : Younger, more active patients might benefit from hip resurfacing or a durable THR.
Bone Quality : Patients with osteoporosis might need specific types of implants.
Underlying Conditions : Conditions like arthritis, fractures, or previous surgeries can dictate
the choice.
Surgeon's Expertise : The experience and preference of the surgeon also play a significant role.
Indications of Hip replacement surgery :
Hip replacement surgery, also known as hip arthroplasty, is typically considered when other
treatments have failed to provide adequate pain relief or improve function. The decision to undergo
hip replacement surgery is made based on the patient's pain level, functional impairment, age, overall
health, and the presence of other medical conditions.
The main indications for hip replacement surgery include :
Osteoarthritis : The most common reason for hip replacement. Osteoarthritis causes the
cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones to wear down over time, leading to pain and
stiffness.
Rheumatoid Arthritis : This autoimmune condition causes chronic inflammation that can
damage the hip joint, leading to pain and deformity.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis : This form of arthritis can result from a serious hip injury or fracture that leads to cartilage damage.
Avascular Necrosis : This condition occurs when the blood supply to the head of the femur is disrupted, causing the bone to collapse and the joint to deteriorate.
Childhood Hip Disease : Some infants and children are born with or develop hip problems that can cause arthritis later in life.
Severe Hip Pain and Stiffness : When hip pain interferes with daily activities such as walking, bending, or even resting, and non-surgical treatments like medications or physical therapy
have failed.
Significant Reduction in Mobility : Hip pain severely limits mobility and affects the quality of life.
Failure of Conservative Treatments : When treatments like pain medications, physical
therapy, and lifestyle changes do not provide relief.
Deformity or Malalignment of the Hip Joint : Conditions that cause the hip joint to be
misaligned or deformed, affecting function and causing pain.
Procedure of Hip replacement surgery :
Hip replacement surgery, also known as hip arthroplasty, involves replacing a damaged or diseased
hip joint with an artificial joint or prosthesis. Here is an overview of the procedure:
Preoperative Preparation :
Medical Evaluation : The patient undergoes a thorough medical evaluation, including blood
tests, X-rays, and possibly MRI scans.
Medications : The doctor reviews the patient’s medications and advises which ones to stop
before surgery.
Physical Examination : A physical exam assesses the patient’s overall health and identifies
any conditions that could interfere with surgery.
Preoperative Instructions : The patient receives instructions on fasting, medications, and
other preparations for the day of surgery.
Surgical Procedure of Hip replacement :
The patient is given either general anesthesia (to put them to sleep) or regional anesthesia (to numb
the lower body). The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint. The location and length of the
incision depend on the type of surgery and the surgeon’s technique. The hip joint is made visible by
pushing aside the muscles and tendons. The damaged femoral head is removed, and the acetabulum
(hip socket) is cleaned of any damaged cartilage. In Acetabular Component a metal cup is inserted
into the acetabulum. Sometimes, a plastic, ceramic, or metal spacer is placed inside the cup. In
Femoral Component a metal stem is inserted into the femur (thighbone). A ball made of metal or
ceramic is placed on the top of the stem. The new ball and socket are fitted together to form the new
hip joint. The muscles and tendons are repaired, and the incision is closed with stitches or staples.
Postoperative Care :
Most patients experience significant pain relief, improved mobility, and a better quality of life following
hip replacement surgery. The longevity of the implant varies but can last 15-20 years or more with
proper care and activity modifications. Hip replacement surgery is generally very successful in
relieving pain and restoring function, allowing patients to return to normal activities with improved
quality of life.
1. The patient is monitored in the recovery room until the anesthesia wears off.
2. Medications are provided to manage pain.
3. The patient begins physical therapy soon after surgery to regain strength and mobility.
4. The typical hospital stay is a few days, but this can vary based on the patient's condition and
the type of surgery.
5. Ongoing physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises help the patient recover fully.
6. Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits are scheduled to monitor the patient’s progress and ensure
the hip is healing properly.